Study+Guide

=Trim 3 final exam -May 19, 2014=

Remember how I told you all year not to panic...well, now you can start panicking. Just kidding! Please do not begin your studies by worrying. Although the test is lengthy, after all it has to cover an entire year, you should have no difficulty passing the exam. Just follow my advice.

As usual, the exam is divided into 3 competencies. They haven't changed throughout the year so there is no sense in repeating myself now. The following is a breakdown on what to expect on the test:


 * Comp 1:** Mostly multiple choice with some very short answer (fill in the box) questions. All the answers can be found in the reading that precedes them. So my advice is 1)read the excerpt quickly and without hesitation, 2)look at the question(s) and then 3)skim the excerpt for the answer unless you know it. It's a simple procedure that can be applied to any reading comprehension test.


 * Comp 2:** There are no multiple choice questions. There are two short essay questions to answer. Here are the instructions in advance:

**Instructions: ** All arguments must include a topic sentence (1 point), 3 supportive details (1 point each) and a conclusion (1 point). Make sure to be clear, concise and logical. You will lose 1 point if your work is difficult to read. Do NOT write outside the space provided.

Remember that we worked all year on improving your ability to write convincingly without wasting words. Be exact and use supportive details from the readings. If you think of something you have learnt throughout the year, that would be fine, but make sure it is accurate. Do NOT make stuff up or use fluff to disguise that you know nothing. Everything you need to answer the essay questions are provided on the test.


 * Comp 3:** You will write one brief proposal. BE SURE TO USE ACTUAL FACTS FROM THE READINGS TO SUPPORT YOUR PROPOSAL. Failing to do so will cost you big points. For example: If I read about how child labor during the first Industrial Revolution was exploitative and endangered the lives of so many children, I could argue that more public schools should be opened to take in and save our nation's children from a cruel and short life. You will receive full points as long as you make a connection to the readings.

What is covered in the final exam? Well, like I mentioned earlier -everything we covered this year. From the French Wars of Religion to the formation of the mass society. you will find information on everything between chapters 14 and 20. That's several hundred pages of reading. I wouldn't panic though. Are you panicking? Well, stop that! Just skim through and review what looks unfamiliar. focus on the Wars of Religion, the Middle Eastern Empires, and the French Revolution, Scientific and Industrial Revolutions. Again, calm down for goodness sake! Most of the information you will need to pass the test is on the test itself. Like all the other previous exams, this exam requires little to know memorization. Instead, you need to know how to find information and use it properly. Be resourceful, quick and clear and you will do fine.

Best of luck.
 * D

= = = = =Trim 3 mid-term -April 11, 2014=

Let me begin by reminding you that you should be comfortable with everything concerning the fist two phases of the Industrial Revolution. You can find everything you need to know between chapters 19 and 20. You do not need to review the post French Revolution politics and revolts of 1830 and 1848. Focus on the key terms and information about the socioeconomic changes. This includes changes in social thinking such as Social Darwinism and the new art movement of the 19th century known as Realism. That said, you should be aware of the differences between the 1st Industrial Revolution and the Second. Also, you should be comfortable with key terms such as the spinning jenny, cottage industry and the internal combustion engine. Of course, there is more than that to know, but it's a start. You will be given a lot of helpful information on the test in the form of short readings. Use your knowledge and the information you learn about in the readings to support your writing. This is important! I will be grading you more harshly than I have on previous exams. This is challenging, but not impossible. Do your best.

break down of the exam:


 * Comp 1:** All multiple choice worth 15%. Do not waist more than 10-15 minutes on this part.


 * Comp 2:** Some multiple choice, True and False, and short answer questions. Please read the instructions carefully. The True and False part of the test requires that you explain your answer by referring to the readings on the test. Don't just invent. The final part will require you to read a short primary source and summarize it into 1 short sentence. There are 3 such primary sources. Once you have summarized the primary sources, you will write a short argument (thesis) statement. Be clear and concise, but be sure to use the information given to you on the test.


 * Comp 3:** You will write one brief proposal. BE SURE TO USE ACTUAL FACTS FROM THE READINGS TO SUPPORT YOUR PROPOSAL. Failing to do so will cost you big points. For example: If I read about how child labor during the first Industrial Revolution was exploitative and endangered the lives of so many children, I could argue that more public schools should be opened to take in and save our nation's children from a cruel and short life. You will receive full points as long as you make a connection to the readings.

Good luck! Secret word: Frankenberry

**Trim 2 Exam - February 27, 2014**

 * Like all the exams before, this exam is divided into 3 competencies. This test covers the time periods, important people, key terms and concepts discussed during the second trimester. You should have a strong understanding of our generative topic and how it applies to the real world yesterday, today and tomorrow. Compassion is both an important and admirable human characteristic. When it is absent, the consequences can be quite extreme.**


 * The periods we covered in class include the Scientific Revolution, the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Age. Do NOT ask me what chapters or pages to study this time around. As part of your learning process, you were taught various methods of how to do research. So do the research. You should review your text book, notes, assignments on Edmodo, the Internet, and even your old tests for help In studying. Chat with some friends and share ideas about what important events from this interesting period of history molded our world.**


 * Be prepared to read a lot on the test. You will be expected to use what you know and what you learn from the test to figure out the questions. Trust your abilities, read carefully, and above all, follow instructions.**

The first competency is multiple choice with a huge reading section and some pictures. Take your time but you should not waste a lot of time here since it is only worth 15% of your total grade. Focus more attention and spend more time on competency 2 and 3. These final 2 competencies also have plenty of reading but less multiple choice question. You will need to refer to the readings to answer the questions. Do NOT invent answers. Use the readings to support your answers.

study, but don't over do it. Skim over your notes and work from the trimester, watch some videos, and review some important timelines. there is absolutely no reason why you should not do well on Thursday's exam. Best of luck.

secret word: cranberry.

Trim 2 Mid-Term - December 12, 2013
This mid-term exam is short and sweet -like me. After all, we did not have much class time to cover a lot of material. Nevertheless, you are expected to do some research and review on your own time. That's what we like to call studying. You can begin with Chapter 17 Sections 1, 2 and 3, and Chapter 18 Section 1. We will be covering the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, its immediate effects and finally the beginnings of the French Revolution. Focus on the key terms and names listed in bold or blue. You need to know about the major players of this interesting and volatile period. From Adam Smith to Winklemann, you should be aware of whoo they were and what were their contributions. Try to piece together who influenced who and how we might have gotten to where we are today.

You all remember that there are three competencies covered in an exam. The first competency is simply identify and interpret information. There will be some short essays to read and even some diagrams like the one below. Read and look at the illustrations carefully. Be sure to come back to them if you need help answering questions in the other 2 competencies.

Below is a brief outline of what you can expect on the test.


 * Competency 1:** All multiple choice and all questions are of equal value. Spend only the first 10 to 15 minutes on this part of the test it is only worth 15% of your over all grade. Even if you fail it won't hurt your total grade. NOT that you will fail ;)

You will be given some pictures to look at and determine what they most likely represent. For example,



Although this model of our universe is not entirely accurate, it was a leap forward from the existing... a) Bacon system b) Heliocentric system c) Ptolemaic system d) None of the above

Tell me in person what you think the answer is and you will earn a smile and my admiration.


 * Competency 2 -Figuring out Causes and Effects. **

This part is a bit more complicated. Review the contributions of the various key figures in science, philosphy and art. You should know who influences who and why. It is not difficult. We know that plenty of musicians today were influenced by talented musicians who came before them. For example, Taylor Swift was heavely influenced by her grandmother and famous rockstars like [|James Taylor], [|Simon & Garfunkel] and [|Def Leppard]. We can see the same trend in Science. No doubt Kepler influenced Newton and not the other way around since Kepler lived and died years before Newton came upon the scene. Your textbook reveals each person more or less in the order they appear throughout history. I suggest creating a timeline in your notebook to practice before taking the test. You all made wonderful games about these famous scientists and enlightened thinkers, I hope you can remember a few facts about them for your test.


 * Competency 3 -Hypothesizing**

You will be given a few short answer questions and a brief essay to answer. Remember to write by starting with a TOPIC sentence. This sentence is a statement -not a question (see example below). Second, follow up your statement with 2 or 3 supportive details. These details require real supportive **details**. Include things your remember from class, the readings earlier on the test or the generative topic. Finally, conclude by wrapping everything up neatly. Conclusions are usually just a restatement of the topic sentence. That's easy -yes?

EXAMPLE: Why did Kepler struggle so much over the heliocentric system defined by Copernicus?

If you want to practice writing an outline, go ahead and try to answer the above question. Show me your work during study period and I will let you know how you did.

I recommend studyiing for a minimum of an hour before the day of the exam. Over two hours and you are wasting your time. Less than an hour and you will struggle with some of the key terms and names discussed in the exam. This is an exam -so study but don´t kill yourself over it either.

Secret word: Rasberry Jam

**Trim 1 Exam - October 24, 2013**

Like the mid-term, this test covers competency 1 (interpretation), 2 (argument) and 3 (proposal). In the first competency you will be tested on how well you can interpret maps, illustrations, pictures and texts (brief readings). If you took great notes, paid attention in class and did all the activities, you'll ace this part of the test. In the second competency, you will have to do a bit more reading and analyze the data to form an opinion. For example, you might read about how King Philip II reacted to a Protestant revolt in the Netherlands and be asked to answer what was the cause and / or effect of that revolt. Finally, in the third competency, you will propose a solution to problems. There is a lot less reading here but a lot more writing. You MUST write your answers in the space provided.


 * Competency 1:** All multiple choice and all questions are of equal value. Spend only the first 10 to 15 minutes on this part of the test it is only worth 15% of your over all grade. Even if you fail it won't hurt your total grade. NOT that you will fail ;)

You should review Chapters 14, 15 and 16. Do not panic please. It might look like a lot but you do not need to memorize anything. Simply familiarize yourself with the key terms (printed in blue) and the major players (kings, shahs and sultans). Take notes and make tables to help yourself study if you have to. Use the ASSESSMENT and ACTIVITIES pages at the end of the chapters to review and see if you know your stuff. Again...there is no need to memorize. Simply familiarize yourself with the content. You can come to the reteaching at 6:30 on Thursday morning if you have any concerns.

In the test there will be images and texts that you will have to look at and read similar to the first test. here is an example:



The ** Forbidden City ** was the Chinese imperial [|palace] from the [|Ming Dynasty] to the end of the [|Qing Dynasty]. It is located in the centre of [|Beijing], China, and now houses the ** Palace Museum **. For almost 500 years, it served as the home of [|emperors] and their households, as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government. The palace complex exemplifies traditional [|Chinese palatial architecture] and has influenced cultural and architectural developments in East Asia and elsewhere.

Question: The Forbidden city represented... a) abundance and wealth  b) power c) Chinese tradition and culture d) all of the above

The answer is (d) all of the above. Why? It is a large palace that housed the emperors and their households for centuries. Such a large and magnificent palace was meant to prove that the dynasty possessed wealth. In addition it demonstrated the strength and power of the dynasty. Such a large home accentuates ones power. Besides, this is was located at the heart of the empire. Finally, the palace is described as exemplifying "traditional Chinese palatial architecture and has influenced cultural and..." So, since all the choices are correct, (d) is the obvious correct answer. It is that simple.


 * Competency 2:** There's a bit more reading to do but most of the questions are still multiple choice. However, there are some short answer questions. Answering these questions requires that you do so using complete sentences but with as few words as possible. BE CONCISE!

You will have to read some text like the following:


 * Tokugawa Japan and Korea: **Japanese unification began in the mid-sixteenth century with three powerful political figures who reined in Japan's nobility. A series of shoguns, the Tokugawa, ushered in the "Great Peace" and ruled until 1868. Under Tokugawa rule, trade and manufacturing flourished as never before. Edo (later Tokyo) became a city of over a million people. The arts flourished. European traders and missionaries arrived, and many Japanese converted to Christianity. However, the missionaries' practice of destroying shrines led to their expulsion. All but a few European merchants were expelled as well. As the urban economy grew, many peasants were forced to become tenant farmers. Class distinctions became more rigid, and women as well as Japan's outcasts, the eta, faced greater restrictions. Consequently, the great empire that once flourished during the "Great Peace" began to weaken.

What led to the expulsion (kicking out -getting rid of - exile) of the European community in Japan. A) Europeans attempted to overtake the government B) Europeans attempted to force Japanese to become Christians C) Europeans no longer wanted to remain in Japan D) None of the above

 The answer is obviously (B). Why? Well, think about it. Missionaries and other Europeans began destroying traditional shrines. How would you feel if foreigners began destroying our churches and cemeteries ?

Notice that you do not need to know anything about Japanese culture before reading the text to find the correct answer. You just need to read and evaluate what you are finding within the text.

**Competency 3** You will read a scenario and will be asked to propose a solution. It is not difficult to do since this is what you have been doing since we started working together this trimester. However, you will be expected to refer to real problem solvers to support your proposal. If you tell me we should all love and respect one another if we want to live as good citizens it is all fine and dandy. But you must tell me who followed this path of love and peace to produce a society of good citizens who enjoyed a life of progress and prosperity. Take the example above about Japan. I could use the series of shoguns known as the Tokugawa who ushered in the "Great Peace" that led to years of prosperity to support my answer. I could even go further to say that once peasants were forced to become tenant farmers and class distinctions became more rigid, things began to decline. What do you think?

<span style="font-family: Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5;">Good luck with the test. The secret word is "BLUEBERRY."

<span style="font-family: Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5;">I promise to get those rewards out as soon as I get a chance. Maybe we can celebrate when you get your tests back. Please God give us some TIME!

Since it will be our first test, you should take the time to go over the study guide to see how your teacher makes his tests. The test is not difficult but if you do nothing in class and avoid reading and studying like they were the plague, you will have some problems. Please review all your notes up to date and read chapter 14 section 1 and 2 -stop crying! It's only a few pages. Pay close attention to the maps. You should become familiar with Europe and the Middle East.

Here is the break down:

The test covers competency 1 (interpretation), 2 (argument) and 3 (proposal). In the first competency you will be tested on how well you can interpret maps and texts (brief readings). If you took great notes, paid attention in class and did all the activities, you'll ace this test. In the second competency, you will have to do a bit more reading and analyze the data to form an opinion. For example, you might read about how King Philip II reacted to a Protestant revolt in the Netherlands and be asked to answer what was the cause and / or effect of that revolt. Finally, in the third competency, you will propose a solution to problems. There is a lot less reading here but a lot more writing. You MUST write your answers in the space provided.

Examples:


 * Competency 1: **All multiple choice and all q uestions are of equal value.



Question: The Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent stretched from present day ......... to .......... in North Africa.

a. Greece - Egypt b. Iraq - Algeria c. Israel - Hungary d. Arabia - Italy

The answer is obviously not 'a'. Greece and Egypt are right in the middle of the empire. The word 'stretched' means from end to end as in to stretch your arms apart as far as you can. The answer is not 'c' either since Jerusalem is in Israel and it is not located at the very Eastern part or Western part of the empire. It cannot be 'd' since Arabia and Italy are not even part of the Ottoman Empire. The answer is obviously 'b'. Once you have eliminated all the wrong answers, it becomes quite clear what is the correct answer. AND THIS IS HOW YOU ANSWER A MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST!

Also, the answer has to be 'b' because Baghdad is the capital of Iraq; and where is it on the map? -at the farthest point to the East while Algiers is the capital of Algeria to the far West. Do not worry if you do not know all these countries. I used this example only to show you that it is possible to get the correct answer even if you did not study.


 * Competency 2:** There's a bit more reading to do but most of the questions are still multiple choice. However, there are some short answer questions. Answering these questions requires that you do so using complete sentences but with as few words as possible. BE CONCISE!

Anyway, here is an example of one of these types of questions on the test.

The story of Peter Rabbit serves as a good example.

Young Peter Rabbit, the foolish hare in the leveret, often ignored the advice of his mother. One day Peter, after being fed and properly dressed, was told not to wonder off into the cabbage patch. "Be careful not to stray into old man Tibbit's cabbage garden," warned his mother. Peter was to go straight to school and back. Despite his mother's words of caution, Peter's curiosity got the better of him. Instead of going to school like a good hare ought to, he snuck under the garden fence and made his way to the fattest cabbages. Hungry, he began to gorge himself until his belly was full and round. Suddenly, the farmer came round the bend and spotted the young hare. Angry and rifle in hand, the old farmer came chasing after poor Peter. Usually quick on his feet, Peter stumbled under the weight of the cabbages he had eaten and barely made it to the fence before the man had his rifle loaded. Fear choking him and feet thumping Peter pushed hard to squeeze under the fence. But oh no! Poor-poor Peter Rabbit!! He could not get under the fence from whence he had earlier squeezed through. His recently fattened belly just would not permit him to fit.

That night the farmer a) stayed up late worrying about his garden fence b) tossed and turned thinking about the damage done to his cabbages c) went to sleep happy and with a full belly of rabbit stew

The answer is obvious if you can understand the main points of the story. This is part of a child's tale but can apply to history as well. What is obvious is usually staring you straight in the face. You just need to connect the dots. Other questions could be

Why couldn't Peter, a rather fast and nimble hare, get away to safety? a) he ate to much cabbage b) he broke a paw c) he got sand in his eyes.

If you do not know the answer to either of these questions, your problem is not with studying but rather with understanding what you are reading.


 * Competency 3:** You will read a couple of brief scenarios and be asked how to solve for each problem.

For example: You are a CEO (the big boss) of a multinational company. You just replaced an elderly man who retired recently. Your company has been doing well for years but the share holders (people who invest money in your company) are expecting great things from you. The first problem you inherit is a labor dispute. Many of the factory workers have been complaining that they are not earning enough money to meet the demands of the current standard of living. Basically, they are not earning enough money to make ends meet. They are getting poorer each day while your stock holders are getting rich. What do you propose to do? Keep in mind that like the relationship between a ruler and his citizens, the balance of a good empire's success lies in how to maintain good citizenship.

You begin by providing a

topic sentence: I propose giving the workers a raise and explain to my investors that happy workers produce more profit than unhappy workers.

Followed by supportive sentences based on research (in this case, information you have read about during the test or during class)

A: Studies show that wage earners produce nearly twice as much as slave labor. Workers who earn a decent salary work harder than men and women who are paid little or no money.

B: Unhappy workers may go on strike (refuse to work and protest) or quit their jobs. Such action would close our factories and leave us with no profits at all.

C: Paying our workers well will provide them with more disposable income. This will enable them to spend money and help our own company to sell more products.

You end your proposal with a conclusion: In conclusion, happy, well paid workers will keep our factories open and help us produce more goods to a larger group of potential consumers.

BOOM! You are done. No need to study. Just use common sense, a little understanding of human decency and reading to help support your argument. I know you can all do a wonderful job.

If you read all of this, here is a bonus but keep it secret until the day of the test. The secret word is "STRAWBERRY." write it on the top right corner of your exam and I will give you a prize. The fewer people who know the secret, the larger the prize will be.

Trim 3 Final - May 23,2013
This final exam follows a similar patern to other test you have taken in the past. You need to remain calm and follow instructions. Review your notes and textbooks with the intention of actually learning something rather than memorizing. Trust me, if you study a bit, think about how things were and how things should be, you will do fine.

Step 1) Don't panic Step 2) Review chapters 19 and 20 sections 1, 2, 3 and 4. Step 3) Don't complain, skim.

In step 1 I advise you not to panic. Are you panicking? If so, stop it! You are getting anxious for nothing. Although there is much to review, an entire trimester to be exact, there isn't really that much you need to worry about. There's the first Industrial revolution with its coal, trains and exploitation of the workforce (men, women and children). And then there's the continuence of political revolutions in continental Europe where conservatives, liberals and socialists fight over the table scraps. Finally there is the second Industrial Revolution. Here we see the emergence of the middle class and consumerism. The introduction of chemicals, new inventions and improved modes of transportation lead to mass production, lower prices and liesure. For the first time, the masses (general public) have time to enjoy an afternoon at the park, going on small vacations and enjoying entertainment like movies and sporting events.

As you go through each section of chapters 19 and 20, skim through and look at the various words in blue and write them down with the definition given. Continue skimming and write down the titles (usually written in big burgandy or navy blue letters). Look at the pictures and see what each caption says about them. After skimming, write briefly about each title and picture you found. If you can't think of anything, read a little bit under the title and summarize in your notes. Finally, take plenty of breaks and avoid trying to memorize any information.

Comp 1: you will interpret images, charts and maps. Review these items found in your textbook.

Comp 2: you will compare and contrast various economical, political and cultural elements. You will also have to determine the cause and effect of key events from the period under review.

Comp 3: you will summize and propose solutions to various readings provided to you for this test. If you have a strong understanding of the economical, political and cultural movements that persisted during the Industrial Revolutions, you should do well.

p

TRIM 3 Mid-Term Exam - March10, 2013
Secret word: (what single word explains what the industrialists of the 19th century did to many children)

Please follow these 3 simple rules: RULE #1 - DO ** NOT ** PANIC! RULE #2 - REVIEW THIS STUDY GUIDE AND FOLLOW MY ADVICE RULE #3 - FOLLOW RULE 1

FIRST, I want you to know that the test is based on Chapter 19 Section 1, 2, 3 and 4. Please don't complain and get all upset. Instead, review the three rules posted above and then continue to read.

SECOND, you should complete the online quiz on Edmodo and the following PowerPoint presentation available on slideshow:

[]. Don't worry, you do not need to complete the PowerPoint. Simply use it as a study guide for now. Anyway, these exercises will help you understand some of the economical, social and cultural issues affecting Europeans during the first Industrial Revolution. If you find yourself lost while doing either the quiz or PowerPoint, refer to your textbook or search the Internet.

THIRD, you should watch the videos I attached to the "Class Activity" page of this wiki. Click this link now, and then watch the 5 YouTube clips -Enjoy:

http://marymountworld.wikispaces.com/Class+Activity

FINALLY, you should check out some pictures on google images. Search for Industrial Revolution and pay close attention to the various machines that were invented. Today, we use plastic but back then almost every thing was made out of wood and metal. Look at the strange machines and try to imagine what they did and how they worked. In some pictures you will see real people who, by now, are long gone. Many of these tiny workers were children -some as young as 6 years old. As tragic as that may seem, even to this day, there are millions of children throughout the world who work for a few pesos a day.

Your test covers 3 competencies. Like your trimester exam, you will have to interpret some pictures (see below)



This image represented an advancement in

a) animal husbandry

b) bussing

c) transportation

d) all of the above

The answer of course is 'c'.

You will also need to interpret a few graphs (see your textbook chapter 19 section 1). Also, there will be some readings to interpret followed by multiple choice answers. And there will be a couple of short essay questions.

To recap: There are 3 competencies. There will be some pictures, short readings and some graphs to interpret. Most of the test is multiple choice. There will be 2 short answer questions in competency 3. Be brave, read a little, watch some cool YouTube clips and google images about the Industrial Revolution and review the key terms ('ism' words like socialism for example). No memorization is needed but you still need to use your brain.

Good luck.

Mid-Term Exam - Dec 5, 2012

RULE #1 - DO **NOT** PANIC! RULE #2 - REVIEW THIS STUDY GUIDE AND FOLLOW MY ADVICE RULE #3 - ADHERE TO THESE RULES!

This test is a review of your brain and chapter 17 sections 1, 2 and 3 (The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment).
 * Competency 1 -Interpretation:**

You will be given some pictures to look at and determine what they most likely represent. For example, Although this model of our universe is not entirely accurate, it was a leap forward from the existing... a) Bacon system b) Heliocentric system c) Ptolemaic system d) None of the above

The answer of course is 'c'. This model proposed by Copernicus (p.513) challenged the earth centered model proposed by Ptolemy in the 2nd century.

There will be other multiple choice questions based on a few short readings. If you study and then read everything carefully on te test you will do very well.


 * Competency 2 -Figuring out Causes and Effects.**

This part is a bit more complicated. Still, there is no reason to panic! Just review the contributions of the various key figures in science, philosphy and art. You should know who influences who and why. It is not difficult. For example, someone dead cannot be influenced by someone living. Therefore Kepler influenced Newton and not the other way around. Your textbook even reveals each person more or less in the order they appear throughout history. Finally, use your head! If you studied a bit and read everything in the first part of your exam carefully, you should be able to figure out the answer to some of the questions in the second part.


 * Competency 3 -Hypothesizing**

You will be given a few short answer questions and a brief essay to answer. Only the advanced students need to answer the essay questions. However, everyone is welcome to answer the essay (counts as a bonus for standard students). Remember to write by starting with a TOPIC sentence. This sentence is a statement -not a question (see example below). Second, follow up your statement with 2 or 3 supportive details. These details require **details**. Include things your remember from class, the readings earlier on the test or the generative topic. Finally, conclude by wrapping everything up neatly. Conclusions are usually just a restatement of the topic sentence. That's easy -yes.

EXAMPLE: Why did Kepler struggle so much over the heliocentric system defined by Copernicus?

ANSWER: For years Kepler struggled over the principles of the heliocentric system (topic statement). For one, he, like many others of the time, believed in a perfect spherical cosmos created by God but the math simply did not add up. Second, he lacked modern instruments to help him cope with the complex math needed to solve the mysteries of how the planets truly orbitted the sun. Finally, he could not discuss his thoughts openly since the Church was a staunch supporter of the ancient Ptolemaic system that put the Earth at the center, not the sun (3 supportive DETAILS). In conclusion, Kepler fought tirelessly to solve the complex problems that put the sun at the center of our solar system because it was difficult to let go of old beliefs, he did not have modern tools and the Church lacked compassion for new scientific ideas (Conclusion).

Final Exam - Monday, May 28, 2012

RULE #1 - DO **NOT** PANIC! RULE #2 - REVIEW THIS STUDY GUIDE AND FOLLOW MY ADVICE RULE #3 - ADHERE TO THESE RULES!

To begin with, the final exam will cover everything we covered this year and then some. Ahhh, but don't panic! The exam will not be a very difficult one to pass. For the most part, the exam is full of reading and multiple choice questions. That is to say, you will read a short passage about something we learnt about this year and then answer a multiple choice question. In addition to readings, there is a brief CAUSE and EFFECT table (multiple choice answers) to complete. Like the last couple of tests we did, there will be some pictures to interpret as well. Finally, there are 3 short answer questions to deal with at the end. Besides not panicking, you should read all instructions carefully, pace yourself so you can complete the entire test on time, and answer all questions.


 * Competency 1:** Interpretation. You will have about 20 multiple choice questions based on short readings. The readings cover everything from Absolutism and The French Wars of Religion (Chapter 14) to the Second Industrial Revolution (Chapter 20).

DON'T PANIC!!!!


 * Competency 2:** Cause and Effect. You need to know the various causes and effects of the major events covered over the year. What caused the French Wars of Religion and the Decline of the Islamic Dynasties, for example? You can list all the major events by looking at the title of each chapter and section. Then simply write down the cause and effect for each event.


 * Competency 3:** Argumentative and Problem Solving. Here, you will need to think of logical ways to avoid the major historical problems of the past and choose plausible solutions. Again, most of the questions are multiple choice and have pictures and reading passages. Here is where you will have to write a little though. There are 3 short answer questions. Here is an example:

From 1800 to about 1860 in the United States, almost half of the country's population moved from the country to the city. What led to such rapid urbanization in the US?

Answer: So many people moved to cities because more and more factories were built near cities providing year round work. (SEE! Short answer.)


 * TIPS!**

1) Focus on key terms (in blue), people and places. You don't have to worry to much about dates and exact names because this information will be provided. It would simply be helpful if you could recognize who is who when you see them on paper.

2) Answer all the easy questions first. Once you have gone through all the pages, return to the beginning and carefully complete the questions you were not 100% certain about.

3) Go with your instincts. Do NOT second guess yourself by changing a correct answer with the wrong answer.

4) Double check that you have answered all questions before handing in the test. There will be plenty of time to play afterwards no sense in losing points because you were in so much of a rush to join your friends outside.

Good luck.
 * D

**Trimester 3 Weekly - Friday, April 27, 2012**
To pass your next test you must follow **3** rules:

RULE #1 - DO **NOT** PANIC! RULE #2 - REVIEW THIS STUDY GUIDE AND FOLLOW MY ADVICE RULE #3 - ADHERE TO THESE RULES!

Simple right. Instead of getting all worked up, why not take some of my advice.


 * First**, you should watch all the videos I posted on the class activity page -especially the one about the 6 killer apps. When you watch the videos, write down some notes about things you are confused about. You can pause the video and Google the information you were confused about.


 * Second**, you need to be familiar with all the vocabulary from chapters 19 and 20. This might sound like a lot, but it really isn't. Again, refer to RULE #1. All you really have to do is copy down any word written in blue that you do not understand. You can either find the definition next to the word in the chapter or refer to the glossary at the back of your textbook. If you are studying with a friend, why not make some flashcards. I did. If you follow me on twitter or facebook, you can find some of my study tools.


 * Third**, Do NOT panic! Why are you getting all worked up? You know that my tests are not impossible. You just need to be focused and use a little common sense. You are welcome to review the two chapters (19 and 20), but if you haven't been doing much in class, you will have a hard time trying to catch now. Maybe the best thing for you to do is at least do the first and second steps explained above.

The test itself has 4 parts. The first part is multiple choice and if you know the key terms (those blue words I mentioned earlier) and major influential players of the Industrial Revolution, you should do well. The second part has a few images that you need to interpret and figure out the advantage or disadvantage. The third part contains some brief readings with attached multiple choice questions. You don't even have to study for this part. However, watching the videos mentioned in the first step would be helpful. Finally, the fourth part is a short answer question section. Make sure you do this part because it is worth a lot of points. You must be brief and accurate. Do not write me an essay. I want really SHORT answers to very simple questions. There will be a short reading followed by two questions. for example.

Charles Dickens lived and wrote about industrialized England. His short stories and novel like //Oliver Twist//, a story about an orphan struggling to survive during the exploitative early years of the Industrial Revolution. Most of his stories told of horrible living conditions borne by the industrial working class and the poor.

Question 1: Describe what those living conditions were like using what you have already read or seen yourself.

Answer: Most of the industrial working class and poor lived in over crowded slums. these slums were filthy and polluted since they were built close to the factories. Life was unpleasant and unhealthy.

Good luck.
 * D

Like you, I cannot believe we are already staring down at yet another test. But here we are. I hope to lighten the load by giving you a quick heads up.

FIRST, I want you to know that the test is entirely on the Industrial Revolution (Chapter 19 Section 1). However, you should still remember some things from the previous trimester, such as which enlightened thinkers invented or gave us whatever. For example, what did we learn from Sir Isaac Newton, Rousseau and Adam Smith? If you do not remember, you should take a second to review.

SECOND, you should complete the following PowerPoint presentation available on slideshow: []. This will guide you on what parts of the Industrial Revolution you should be familiar with. For example, you should know what were 4 contributing factors (causes) of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. You can easily find the answer to this by reading your textbook or searching the internet.

THIRD, you should watch the videos I attached to the "Class Activity" page of our wiki: http://marymountworld.wikispaces.com/Class+Activity

FINALLY, you should check out some pictures on google images. Search for Industrial Revolution and pay close attention to the various machines that were invented. Today, we use plastic but back then almost every thing was made out of wood and metal. Look at the strange machines and try to imagine what they did and how they worked. In some pictures you will see real people who, by now, are long gone. Many of these tiny workers were children -some as young as 6 years old. As tragic as that may seem, even to this day, there are millions of children throughout the world who work for a few pesos a day.

Your test covers 2 competencies. Like your trimester exam, you will have to interpret some pictures (see below)

This image represented an advancement in a) animal husbandry b) bussing c) transportation d) all of the above The answer of course is 'c'.

You will also need to interpret a few graphs (see your textbook chapter 19 section 1) and some readings (brief with multiple choice answers).

The second competency requires you to think in terms of causes and effects. If you watch the videos and complete the presentation I made (see above links), you should have no trouble. Do nothing and the best you will be able to do is guess. When we speak of causes and effects, we are talking about what made certain events like the Industrial Revolution possible. The results are obvious. Just look out side your window at all the machines.

Don't get cocky and think the exam will be soooo easy that you do not need to study at all. At the very least, you should know some causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution -economically, socially and politically. Try to think about who became rich and who did not; the emergence of new classes; and think about the results of the exploitation of the work force.

Good luck. P.S. Just worry about the Industrial Revolution -not the other stuff like the Congress of Vienna.

**Trimester 2 Exam - Wednesday, March 7, 2012**

 * A lot of people are panicking. Please stop worrying. Instead, read the guide below and relax.**

To begin with, the exam is long. If you do not study, pay attention in class or do the activities assigned you, you will have a more difficult time completing the test. No extra time will be given to complete the exam. If you do not complete it, it is because you are not following my instructions here:

1) DO NOT PANIC! 2) READ AND MAKE OUTLINES (THE ANSWERS ARE THERE -JUST LOOK AT THEM) 3) REVIEW OLD NOTES, TESTS AND PROJECTS -KEY TERMS LIKE "INFLATION" and "COUP D'ETAT" ARE IMPORTANT 4) DO NOT PANIC!

The exam covers everything between chapters 14 and 18. That might seem like a lot but try to remember that I am not asking you to know every single detail. I never ask you about dates, names, or very specific information. All you need to have is a general idea of how and why things happened. You should know who are the important players (just skim through the pages and look at the pictures -if you see a picture of someone you do not recognize, make a brief note about them) and the key terms -which are in blue. Finally, check out the rest of the study guide...it outlines how most of the test goes.


 * Competency 1 -Interpretation:**

You will be given some pictures to look at and determine what they most likely represent. For example, Although this model of our universe is not entirely accurate, it was a leap forward from the existing... a) Bacon system b) Heliocentric system c) Ptolemaic system d) None of the above

The answer of course is 'c'. This model proposed by Copernicus (p.513) challenged the earth centered model proposed by Ptolemy in the 2nd century.


 * Competency 2 -Understanding cause and effect:**

You will have several brief readings followed by multiple choice questions. From the readings, you will have to choose the best answer to the questions. Your best chance is to have a basic understanding of everything we covered thus far. For example, we spoke of tolerance a lot in the first trimester while we focussed on commitment this term. Do not panic. Less detail will be expected from you the farther back the information was learned. This means that you do not need to know specific details about the wars of religion but will be expected to know details about the French Revolution. For starters you should review the flow chart we did in class. Do you know why there was such a strong reliance on the military during the Reign of Terror? What was the result?

Anyway, here is an example of one of the many questions on the test.

The story of Peter Rabbit serves as a good example.

Young Peter Rabbit, the foolish hare in the leveret, often ignored the advice of his mother. One day Peter, after being fed and properly dressed, was told not to wonder off into the cabbage patch. "Be careful not to stray into old man Tibbit's cabbage garden," warned his mother. Peter was to go straight to school and back. Despite his mother's words of caution, Peter's curiosity got the better of him. Instead of going to school like a good hare should, he snuck under the garden fence and made his way to the fattest cabbages. Hungry, he began to gorge himself until his belly was full and round. Suddenly, the farmer came round the bend and spotted the young hare. Angry and rifle in hand, the old farmer came chasing after poor Peter. Usually quick on his feet, Peter stumbled under the weight of the cabbages he had eaten and barely made it to the fence before the man had his rifle loaded. Fear choking him and feet thumping Peter pushed hard to squeeze under the fence. But oh no! Poor-poor Peter Rabbit!! He could not get under the fence from whence he had earlier snuck through. His recently fattened belly just would not permit him to fit through.

That night the farmer a) stayed up late worrying about his garden fence b) tossed and turned thinking about the damage done to his cabbages c) went to sleep happy and with a full belly of rabbit stew

The answer is obvious if you can understand the main points of the story. This is part of a child's tale but can apply to history as well. What is obvious is usually staring you straight in the face. You just need to connect the dots.


 * Competency 3 -Using your knowledge to anticipate or prevent problems from reoccuring**

Again, you may have to read some short scenarios like the one about Peter Rabbit, but you will not be given the ending. Instead, you might be asked what should Peter Rabbit do to avoid becoming the farmer's supper. We can answer that the silly rabbit ought to listen to his mother or perhaps not be so greedy in the garden. What do you think?

Again, you need to review everything we have covered. You should also practice your outlining skills. I want brief and precise answers not long winded essays. Do not try to complicate things -I AM NOT TRYING TO TRICK YOU.

In the end, if you take the time to read through the readings and questions, you will do fine. Just remember what I always say: the answers reveal themselves within the test. Try to use parts of the test to help you answer more difficult questions.

Good luck y'all!

**Retake Exam - Friday, February 10, 2012**
For the most part, the same things will be covered on the retake as were covered on the original test. So take a moment and read the study guide below. The only difference between the original test and the retake is that there are more multiple choice questions, reading comprehension questions, fill in the blank questions and match making exercises. Here are some examples of the latter two:

Using words from the WORD BANK, complete the statements below

1. The Ptolemaic System or ---system placed the Earth at the center of the known universe. 2. --was truly a child prodigy. His //The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute,// and //Don Giovanni// are 3 of the world’s greatest operas. 3. The United States of America embraced the works of --who argued that government ought not interfere with the invisible hand of commerce.
 * 3 Laws of Planetary Motion – Mozart – Adam Smith – Margret Theresa - Geocentric ||

Matching:

_ 1. Frederick The Great ---a. preached to the masses _ 2. John Wesley--b. credited with making Prussia a great European power _ 3. Rococo-c. musical director who wrote //The Creation// and //The Seasons.// _ 4. Haydn--d. an art form that illustrated grace and charm

Competency 1 is knowing the facts. Who is who and who did what. You need to know all the key players and terms.

Competency 2 is a bit more challenging. Knowing what you know, you will have to figure out what caused it to happen or what was the result. Review your outlines and the work you have done in class for help. You know how to create outlines so why not study by using them.

Every section of the chapter describes how something happened and what was the effect so read and take notes. Take the scientific revolution for example. It did not happen because a bunch of nerds were curious about stuff. The cause of the scientific revolution was multifaceted and much more complicated than that. We already talked about how the invention of tools such as the telescope and the advancement of math helped push the revolution forward. The results were profound. The world began to become a more secular and less superstitious place to live. Traditions and long accepted "truths" were challenged by the scientific method and rationalism. These are the types of answers you ought to be able to determine on your own. Lucky for you, however, the test is mostly multiple choice.

You should read chapter 17 sections 1, 2 and 3. If you are doing the retake test because you failed it, you should take this opportunity to study well and pass a fairly simple test. If you choose to do nothing, you will have difficulty passing the test.

==

==

**Trim 2 Test 2**

 * For a bonus of 5 points, sign in and edit this page by adding your name and class at the bottom of THIS guide.**

The test covers everything except section 4 of chapter 17. You need to know, understand and use correctly all the key terms (words in blue in your text) and important people and their contributions to our world. More importantly, you need to know and understand the various **causes** and **effects** of key events reviewed in class since the beginning of the year. Review your notes, activities, tests and textbooks.


 * The first Competency** of the test is multiple choice questions about what you have read and reviewed in class so far.


 * The second competency** of the test is where you need to show you understand the **causes** and **effects** of major events or contributions. For example, what is the effect of Boyle's Law and who was Boyle in the first place? In addition, there will be some reading with multiple choice answers. Read the short article and answer the questions. Take your time but do not get hung up on words you do not understand. Just try to get the general meaning from what you are reading.


 * The third competency** requires you to think a little bit about how we can change the world like those before us. You will be challenged to put yourselves in the shoes of those great thinkers of the scientific revolution and enlightenment and solve an important problem the world is facing. If you have trouble writing, you should create an outline of your ideas at the very least.

Good luck and don't forget to add your name below to receive your bonus points.

Maria Camila Restrepo 8 Red
Ramiro Anaya 8red

==Mariana Enamorado 8 red Cristina Maldonado 8 yellow Santiago Vasquez 8 yellow

==

**Trim 2 Test 1**
Although we have not had much time to go over new material, you should be able to do fine on the test if you do the work assigned in class and pay close attention to this study guide. If you have any questions or concerns, please come to reteaching on Thursday at 6:30 AM


 * Vocabulary:** Review all the key terms from chapters 14, 15, 16 and now 17 (section 1 only). These words are highlighted in blue. There are not that many and you already know most of them. Just skim through your textbook and go over these words. If you do not know a word, read about it and make a note of it. By doing so, you should be able to recall the word better in the future. For example, do you know what an ulema is? If you don't, you should review chapter 15.


 * People:** Skim through chapter 17 section 1 and make note of all the important scientists mentioned. You should create a chart. In your chart, include all the important contributions each scientist is responsible. For example:
 * Scientist: || Contribution: ||
 * Galileo || discovered that planets like the moon were not smooth but had mountains and craters and were made of substances similar to Earth ||


 * Timeline - Causes and Effects:** You should be familiar with the timeline that goes from the Classical Period to the Enlightenment. Not only should you know the order of all the major events that occur between these 2 very important eras, but you should also know the causes and effects of each one. There will be similar exercises to the homework given in class. Review the "class activity" and/or "assignments" pages to double check.

Again, if you do the class activities and homework assignments you will ace this test. Otherwise, you will have trouble completing the test.

Good luck!
 * D

**Trim 1 Final Test**
This huge test covers 3 competencies and 3 chapters. You will need to review chapters 14, 15 and 16. Don't despair, there's not that much to study. If I were you, I would review my notes and work on all the assignments available on this wiki. Most of the questions are based on these activities. If you do them at least once, you should do fine on the test come Tuesday.

Mostly multiple choice with a few sentence completions. For example:
 * Competency 1:**

Multiple choice To put an end to the devastating religious wars in France, ___ converted to Catholicism and passed the Edict of Nantes. a) King David. b) Henry of Navarre c) Kangxi d) Queen Elizabeth

Do you know the answer?

Sentence completion Ivan the Terrible earned his nickname by.... Answer: killing his own son in a heated argument.

You will have to answer some fill in the blank questions with words from a word bank. You did this before in other tests.
 * Competency 2**

You will have to answer some open ended questions using complete sentences. For example:

Explain why Philip II sent his armada to attack England. Answer: Queen Elizabeth defied him by repealing laws that favored Catholics.

There are 5 essay questions but you only answer 2 of them. They are short essay questions based on many of the activities we have done already.
 * Competency 3**

Finally there is a bonus question or two if you have time. Remember to finish the regular questions before attempting the bonus questions. If you answer all the easy questions first and then follow up with the tougher ones later, you should be able to handle all the work. Also, don't forget to try working on the online activities. They will help you with prepairing for the test and improve your grades.

Second Weekly Test Trim 2:
For your information, this Friday's test will cover the following elements:


 * The test covers everything we have covered in class up to today, including Chapter 14, Sections, 1,2 and 3. If you think that's a lot, wait until your Trimestral Exam comes.
 * The focus will be on understanding the religious crisis that gripped Western Europe (Spain, France and England mostly) during the 16th and early 17th century and the response of absolutism. **If you don't know a Huguenot from a Puritan, read!**
 * You should know who the major players such as Phillip II, Elizabeth I and King Louis the XIV were and how they ruled their countries. Were they wise, open minded, compromising leaders or were they selfish, egomaniac tyrants?
 * It is important that you know all the key terms. These are the words highlighted in blue in your textbook. There are about 4 or 5 per section. They include words like **inflation**, **militant** and **commonwealth**. You should also pay attention to **bold** words like **Huguenots**. Make a list in your notebook and write down their meanings. You can also try to answer the questions at the end of chapter 14 for practice.
 * Most importantly, you should be very familiar with what makes a ruler great and how they managed their realms successfully. Every ruler has his or her ups and downs, but those who demonstrated tolerance and moderation tended to lead their empires towards progress while others who were bent on self indulgence and control, had brilliant but brief moments in history. Figure out which rulers fit into which category. Make a table in your notebooks for practice if you like. Show me in class and I will give you a 5% bonus for every ruler you guess correctly.

The style of the test:

The test is made up of
 * fill in the blank questions where you must use words from a word bank (use words only once and remember that there are more words than needed)
 * multiple choice (circle a, b or c)
 * some reading with multiple choice follow up questions
 * short essay questions.

My advice is that you answer all the easy questions as quickly as possible. Next, try to answer the essay questions. Do not waste time inventing answers. Take a moment, think about the question and then write a brief reply. You must support every point of view with an example. You can't just say: Philip the II was the most powerful emperor of his time. You would have to say: King Phillip the II inherited the Americas, Spain, parts of Italy and the rich states of the Netherlands making him the most powerful ruler in Western Europe. Do you see the difference?

Please email me if you have any questions. Do not wait until Thursday midnight to try and contact me. Be responsible, do a little reading and note taking and you will ace the test. Do nothing and Friday's test will be a nightmare.

First Weekly Test Trim 1
Since it will be our first test, you should take the time to go over the study guide to see how your teacher makes his tests. The test is not difficult but if you do nothing in class and avoid reading and studying like they were the plague, you will have some problems.

Here is the break down:

The test covers competency 1 and 6. In the first competency you will be tested on what you can recall from doing in class. If you took great notes and did all the activities you'll ace this test. Competency 6 is based on geography. You should remember we talked a lot about the Visigoths, Moors and their movements in Europe. We also spent time discussing the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.


 * Detail:** Competency 1 is part vocabulary multiple choice. Example:

Use the words in the box to complete the sentences below. The Moors invaded Spain via and the Straights of Gibraltar. You simply write 'Morocco' in the blank.
 * Egypt--Morocco--Libya--Italy--Turkey-- ||

And part open question. Example:

Explain the connection between Columbus' discover of the Americas with the Spanish invasion of the Islamic Moors?

The North African Moors who conquered Spain in the 8th century were Muslims. Islam encouraged acquiring knowledge in mathematics, geometry and astrology. Since Muslims need to know where Mecca is whenever praying or building a mosque and nomadic Muslims traveled during the cool dessert nights, they invented the astrolabe. This device which uses the location of the stars in the night sky to guide night travelers soon fell in the hands of Columbus who set sail from Spain in 1492. Without the astrolabe, he may have perished -lost at sea like so many ocean voyagers before him.


 * Detail:** Competency 6 covers geography and is part drawing on maps and explaining what you will find along your travels. Imagine that you are living in Istanbul, Turkey and you have to travel to Cairo, Egypt on business. To get there you must travel by land since you get sea sick easily.

Your task is to draw a line on the map provided showing the path you choose to travel on. Knowing how to read a map and understanding legends (keys) will be helpful. The second part is that you have to describe what you might find along the way. Your knowledge of the terrain would be helpful. For example, you might have to travel over some small mountains like the Golan Heights in Israel. It might be cold like Bogota due to the elevation. Meanwhile, as you travel towards Jerusalem, it begins to get quite hot and dry as you descend. Hotter still and very difficult to walk across is the Sinai Desert. You need camels and plenty of water to make the final leg of your journey to Cairo.

What you should study: 1) Review your notes 2) Review maps on pages 176 and 197. Also review current maps of the Mediterranean Sea area -see pages RA10, 11 and RA 14 3) Do Modules 1 and 2

Do those 3 things and you will ace the test. Do nothing and you will not have fun Friday morning. It's up to you.